Industry 4.0 aims to optimize the manufacturing environment by leveraging new technological advances, such as new sensing capabilities and artificial intelligence. The DRAEM technique has shown state-of-the-art performance for unsupervised classification. The ability to create anomaly maps highlighting areas where defects probably lie can be leveraged to provide cues to supervised classification models and enhance their performance. Our research shows that the best performance is achieved when training a defect detection model by providing an image and the corresponding anomaly map as input. Furthermore, such a setting provides consistent performance when framing the defect detection as a binary or multiclass classification problem and is not affected by class balancing policies. We performed the experiments on three datasets with real-world data provided by Philips Consumer Lifestyle BV.

Quality control is a crucial activity performed by manufacturing companies to ensure their products conform to the requirements and specifications. The introduction of artificial intelligence models enables to automate the visual quality inspection, speeding up the inspection process and ensuring all products are evaluated under the same criteria. In this research, we compare supervised and unsupervised defect detection techniques and explore data augmentation techniques to mitigate the data imbalance in the context of automated visual inspection. Furthermore, we use Generative Adversarial Networks for data augmentation to enhance the classifiers' discriminative performance. Our results show that state-of-the-art unsupervised defect detection does not match the performance of supervised models but can be used to reduce the labeling workload by more than 50%. Furthermore, the best classification performance was achieved considering GAN-based data generation with AUC ROC scores equal to or higher than 0,9898, even when increasing the dataset imbalance by leaving only 25\% of the images denoting defective products. We performed the research with real-world data provided by Philips Consumer Lifestyle BV.

我们建议使用两层机器学习模型的部署来防止对抗性攻击。第一层确定数据是否被篡改，而第二层解决了域特异性问题。我们探索三组功能和三个数据集变体来训练机器学习模型。我们的结果表明，聚类算法实现了有希望的结果。特别是，我们认为通过将DBSCAN算法应用于图像和白色参考图像之间计算的结构化结构相似性指数测量方法获得了最佳结果。

在这项研究中，我们开发了机器学习模型，以预测废物到燃料植物的未来传感器读数，这将积极控制工厂的运营。我们开发了可预测传感器读数30和60分钟的模型。使用历史数据对模型进行了培训，并根据在特定时间进行的传感器读数进行预测。我们比较了三种类型的模型：（a）仅考虑最后一个预测值的a n \“ aive预测，（b）基于过去的传感器数据进行预测的神经网络（我们考虑了不同的时间窗口尺寸以进行预测）和（c）由我们开发的一组功能创建的梯度增强树回收剂。我们在加拿大的一家废物燃料工厂上开发并测试了模型。我们发现提供的方法（c）提供了最佳结果，而方法（b）提供了不同的结果，并且无法始终如一地超越n \“ aive”。

质量控制是制造业企业进行的至关重要的活动，以确保其产品符合质量标准并避免对品牌声誉的潜在损害。传感器成本下降和连接性使制造业数字化增加。此外，人工智能可实现更高的自动化程度，减少缺陷检查所需的总体成本和时间。这项研究将三种活跃的学习方法（与单一和多个牙齿）与视觉检查进行了比较。我们提出了一种新颖的方法，用于对分类模型的概率校准和两个新的指标，以评估校准的性能而无需地面真相。我们对飞利浦消费者生活方式BV提供的现实数据进行了实验。我们的结果表明，考虑到p = 0.95的阈值，探索的主动学习设置可以将数据标签的工作减少3％至4％，而不会损害总体质量目标。此外，我们表明所提出的指标成功捕获了相关信息，否则仅通过地面真实数据最适合使用的指标可用。因此，所提出的指标可用于估计模型概率校准的质量，而无需进行标签努力以获取地面真相数据。

机器人技术中最重要的挑战之一是产生准确的轨迹并控制其动态参数，以便机器人可以执行不同的任务。提供此类运动控制的能力与此类运动的编码方式密切相关。深度学习的进步在发展动态运动原语的新方法的发展方面产生了强烈的影响。在这项工作中，我们调查了与神经动态运动原始素有关的科学文献，以补充有关动态运动原语的现有调查。

质量控制是制造公司进行的关键活动，以验证产品一致性的要求和规范。标准化质量控制可确保所有产品在相同的标准下进行评估。传感器和连接成本降低，使得制造的数字化增加，提供了更大的数据可用性。这些数据可用性促使人工智能模型的开发，允许在检查产品时更高的自动化程度和减少偏差。此外，增加的检查速度降低了缺陷检查所需的总成本和时间。在这项研究中，我们比较五个流式机器学习算法，应用于利用飞利浦消费者生活方式BV提供的真实数据的视觉缺陷检查。此外，我们将它们与流在流动的主动学习背景中进行比较，这减少了真实环境中的数据标签工作。我们的研究结果表明，对于最坏情况，主动学习将数据标签努力降低了近15％，同时保持可接受的分类性能。使用机器学习模型进行自动化视野预计将加快高达40％的质量检验。

The recent increase in public and academic interest in preserving biodiversity has led to the growth of the field of conservation technology. This field involves designing and constructing tools that utilize technology to aid in the conservation of wildlife. In this article, we will use case studies to demonstrate the importance of designing conservation tools with human-wildlife interaction in mind and provide a framework for creating successful tools. These case studies include a range of complexities, from simple cat collars to machine learning and game theory methodologies. Our goal is to introduce and inform current and future researchers in the field of conservation technology and provide references for educating the next generation of conservation technologists. Conservation technology not only has the potential to benefit biodiversity but also has broader impacts on fields such as sustainability and environmental protection. By using innovative technologies to address conservation challenges, we can find more effective and efficient solutions to protect and preserve our planet's resources.

We present the interpretable meta neural ordinary differential equation (iMODE) method to rapidly learn generalizable (i.e., not parameter-specific) dynamics from trajectories of multiple dynamical systems that vary in their physical parameters. The iMODE method learns meta-knowledge, the functional variations of the force field of dynamical system instances without knowing the physical parameters, by adopting a bi-level optimization framework: an outer level capturing the common force field form among studied dynamical system instances and an inner level adapting to individual system instances. A priori physical knowledge can be conveniently embedded in the neural network architecture as inductive bias, such as conservative force field and Euclidean symmetry. With the learned meta-knowledge, iMODE can model an unseen system within seconds, and inversely reveal knowledge on the physical parameters of a system, or as a Neural Gauge to "measure" the physical parameters of an unseen system with observed trajectories. We test the validity of the iMODE method on bistable, double pendulum, Van der Pol, Slinky, and reaction-diffusion systems.

While the brain connectivity network can inform the understanding and diagnosis of developmental dyslexia, its cause-effect relationships have not yet enough been examined. Employing electroencephalography signals and band-limited white noise stimulus at 4.8 Hz (prosodic-syllabic frequency), we measure the phase Granger causalities among channels to identify differences between dyslexic learners and controls, thereby proposing a method to calculate directional connectivity. As causal relationships run in both directions, we explore three scenarios, namely channels' activity as sources, as sinks, and in total. Our proposed method can be used for both classification and exploratory analysis. In all scenarios, we find confirmation of the established right-lateralized Theta sampling network anomaly, in line with the temporal sampling framework's assumption of oscillatory differences in the Theta and Gamma bands. Further, we show that this anomaly primarily occurs in the causal relationships of channels acting as sinks, where it is significantly more pronounced than when only total activity is observed. In the sink scenario, our classifier obtains 0.84 and 0.88 accuracy and 0.87 and 0.93 AUC for the Theta and Gamma bands, respectively.